Correct Processes of Profit Planning Product Costing in Komasatu, Ltd Free Essay Example, 2250 words

It is interesting to analyze the processes followed by Komatsu in deciding the profits. This looks more realistic and down to earth compared to aggressive and arbitrary decisions taken by the Board of directors or the management of most of the contemporary business organizations. One interesting aspect is to use the divisional profit plans as the basis of negotiations between headquarters and the divisions regarding production and sales volume. It is normally other way round in traditional organizations, as the management at the top level develop these plans initially, and impose the same on divisions sometimes even without any discussions. What is unique in Komastu is that these negotiations facilitated to emerge the sales and production plans for each division. The beauty of the process was that using the same for developing more power and equipment investment plans. It is also reported that the plans were combined to produce the preliminary divisional cost plans. Perhaps this str ategy could have emerged based on their 3G strategy of growth, globalization, and group diversification. It is a good strategy to incorporate the views of a multi-dimension business such Komatsu. We will write a custom essay sample on Correct Processes of Profit Planning Product Costing in Komasatu, Ltd or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Otherwise, each division will palm of the blame to the others and try to scapegoat their responsibility. As we can see from the status of Komatsu prior to 1989, it was only the core divisions which were generating 80% of the profit. The new strategy helps every division to think in terms of growth and take relevant strategies to achieve the same. Similarly, what is more important is the transparency aspect of the lost and profit formulation process. Another crucial aspect is the focus of all the activities towards the initial long-term objectives. While Komatsu allows every division to prepare their plans, they also have a strategy to focus all those towards the objectives through continuous negotiations and assessing the same against the long-term objectives.

Does Insecure Attachment Relate From The Behavior

Does insecure attachment relate to subsequent maladaptive behavior? Babies have a biological drive to form a connection with a primary caregiver, forming an attachment, which can take many forms. A fundamental part of healthy development is a secure attachment, characterized by love and attention from a caregiver. Attachment styles form the basis of subsequent internal working models, or mental construal of the self, others, and relationships based on one’s history of care. An infant with a history of positive experiences will form positive interpersonal relationships. On the other hand, insecurely attached children will not follow a normal course of development and exhibit negative behaviors in the social environment. These children display aggressive and inconsistent behavior. This is due to the child experiencing abusive and neglectful behavior from a caregiver, and forming a negative internal working model based on such experiences throughout development. Current research examines a link between attachment insecurity and later delin quency, particularly in the realm of sexual offense. The current literature review draws from a plethora of different sources that discuss attachment, and its implications toward future criminal behavior. Marshall, Hudson Ward (1996) described the implications of secure or insecure attachment on future relationships, intimacy, and sexual deviancy. These researchers found a connection between insecure attachment, negative internalShow MoreRelatedThe Motivation For Volunteering Is Not Always Based On Altruistic Motives1220 Words   |  5 PagesBy utilizing Bowlby’s attachment theory to break down and better understand individual involvement or lack of involvement in volunteering, and then separating their individual motives into the six categories refined and developed by (Clary ET AL. 1998) from the functional theorizing of Katz in 1960 and Smith in 1956, in Understanding and Assessing the Motivation for Volunteering. We can examine how these two support systems compliment a nd interplay in the minds of potential support providers, andRead MoreAn Attachment Theoretical Framework For Personality Disorders1532 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Review and Analysis In the article titled An Attachment Theoretical Framework for Personality Disorders explores how John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth’s attachment theory provides a coherent perception of â€Å"intrapsychic and interpersonal† (2013) aspects of personality disorders, such as antisocial personality disorder. Adverse attachment is often at the root of most antisocial personality disorders. This theoretical groundwork pairs breadth and parsimony to the conceptualization of BowlbyRead MoreResearch On Attachment Theory On The Bonds Created Between Infants And Their Caregivers1730 Words   |  7 PagesTraditional research on Attachment Theory focuses on the bonds created between infants and their caregivers within the first few years of life. When tested, these children typically display an â€Å"organized† pattern of behavior when seeking comfort and safety from their caregiver. Organized attachments are those that follow a specific pattern of behavior and are clearly de fined as secure, insecure—avoidant, or insecure—ambivalent. However, there remains a percentage of children who fail to engageRead MoreThe Theory Of Love By Robert J. Sternberg1458 Words   |  6 Pagescontext. It can be applied to early development studies of attachment theory, such as those by John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth, and carried over to our studies of romance and love through the works of Robert J. Sternberg. Many of our class lessons have focused on cause and effect: childhood cause and adulthood effect. Thus it is not strange to note, Sternberg’s research, the triangular theory of love, is impacted by Bowlby and Ainsworth’s attachment theory. As we notice within each stage and style of relationshipRead MoreThe Effects Of Personal Attachment Style On Romantic Relationship Satisfaction1718 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Personal Attachment Style on Romantic Relationship Satisfaction Our earliest relationships in life can be deeply formative in shaping our development. Created by John Bowlby, attachment theory relates the importance of attachment in regards to personal development. According to Bowlby, attachment is the leading factor in our ability to form and maintain relationships as adults (Levy 2012, pg. 157). As human beings, we need to feel as if we belong (Cherry, 2016). We find this belongingnessRead MoreThe Priming Of Attachment Style And The Effects On Romantic Relationship Satisfaction1734 Words   |  7 Pages Attachment Style and Relationship Satisfaction: The Priming of Attachment Style and the Effects on Romantic Relationship Satisfaction Milynn C. Scheer Point Loma Nazarene University â€Æ' Introduction Our earliest relationships in life can be deeply formative in shaping our development. Created by John Bowlby, attachment theory relates the importance of attachment in regards to personal development. According to Bowlby, attachment is the leading factor in our ability to form and maintain relationshipsRead MoreSome Of The Greatest Joys In A Person’S Life, As Well As1143 Words   |  5 Pagesof aloneness (Gen. 2:18-25). From the time we are born and continuing throughout adulthood, connections sustain us in life. These bonds produce joy in good times and provide comfort and support during trials and suffering. Poor bonds with others contribute to fear, mistrust, anxiety, emptiness, and a host of other personal and relational problems. Recent research into Attachment Theory confirms these ideas. As a student of psychology, I have come to appreciate Attachment Theory as I have seen its implicationsRead MoreAttachment Styles And Levels Of Depression1644 Words   |  7 Pagesre lationships between attachment styles and levels of depression were investigated. A total of 28 individuals were recruited from a psychology class at Diablo Valley College located in Pleasant Hill, California. The Attachment Questionnaire for Children (AQC) was used to measure attachment style in childhood. The Beck Depression Inventory (BAI-II) was used to measure levels of depression in young adults. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between (a) attachment styles in childhoodRead MoreThe Theory Of The Attachment Theory1742 Words   |  7 Pagesqualities of a child s development is the child s relationship with their caregiver. From determining a child s early attachment patterns, it can help further the child s behavior in later development, and the way the child will relate to others in her years to come. The acknowledgment of this simple fact has led many psychologists to create theories and findings to support this idea. Bowlby’s creation of the A ttachment Theory sparked many famous psychologists to come up with ways to support his theoryRead MoreAinsworth s Theory Of Attachment1184 Words   |  5 PagesKeller Instructor Hira Nair Psychology 0101 Ainsworth’s Theory of Attachment 11/02/2015 Introduction I chose the topic of human attachment because I think it is a beautiful thing to watch. To see an infant so instantly attached to its mother/father. It’s just an amazing thing to see and to experience. In this layout I will briefly explain the attachment theory and its origins as well as how I relate to it. Attachment is the emotional bond that forms between an infant and its caregiver

Pain Control During Infant Circumcision Free Essays

Pain Control During Infant Circumcision Circumcision is a painful surgical procedure frequently performed on newborn baby boys and often without available pain relief measures being used. The procedure, especially without pain relief, can cause short-term effects such as choking, gagging, and vomiting. Long term effects of circumcision without pain relief are not well understood, however, an increased incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and/or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) has been associated with pain and stress in the neonate (Leef, 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Pain Control During Infant Circumcision or any similar topic only for you Order Now Crying time, facial expression, and sweating palms can indicate infant pain, as can increased heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure. Although these behavioral and physiological changes are present at other times, the infant usually displays them during a circumcision that is not accompanied with effective pain relief. This paper reviews various pain relief methods and current residency training practices regarding the use of analgesia during the circumcision procedure. Available treatments are used with the three most common circumcision surgical techniques: the Morgen clamp, the Gomco clamp, and the Plastibell method. Recent research suggests that the Morgen clamp is associated with a less painful procedure when compared with the other two (Leef, 2006; Yawman et al. , 2006). Preferred by trainees, the Morgen clamp is also faster to use than the Plastibell (Yawman et al. , 2006) and include local and topical pain relief methods, oral sucrose and oral acetaminophen. Dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB), which involves injecting anesthetic at the base of the penis, and subcutaneous ring block are the two most commonly used local anesthetics. Topically applied anesthetic creams include EMLA, a water-based cream that includes lidocaine and prilocaine. Although DPNB, ring block, and EMLA do not eliminate circumcision pain, all three are more effective than placebo or no treatment (Leef, 2006; Yawman et al. , 2006). Compared head to head, DPNB is substantially more effective than EMLA cream (Leef, 2006). However, DPNB can cause minor bruising, bleeding, or swelling at the injection site and EMLA can cause skin color changes or local skin irritation (Leef, 2006). When used alone during the entire surgical procedure, oral agents, such as sucrose and acetaminophen, have not been shown to be as effective when compared with either EMLA or DPNB (Leef, 2006). However, in 1998, Herschel et al. (as cited in Leef, 2006) found that when sucrose was compared with DPNB during â€Å"the initial time intervals of circumcision (surgical preparation, lateral clamping, lysis of adhesions) and the final period (excision of the foreskin and application of a dressing)† there was no significant difference in heart rate which suggests that sucrose is as effective as DPNB during these periods (Leef, 2006, p. 77). In 1991, Blass and Hoffmeyer (as cited in Leef, 2006) found that babies cried less often when given a sucrose-dipped pacifier compared to a water-dipped pacifier or no intervention when undergoing the procedure. Given these results, one can conclude that combining oral sucrose with DPNB would provide optimum pain relief. Since 1999, the American Aca demy of Family Physicians, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the American Academy of Pediatrics have all recommended the universal use of local or topical anesthetics during neonatal circumcision (Yawman et al. 2006). In order to find out if there has been an increase in residency programs that teach effective forms of analgesia for newborn circumcision since previous data collection in 1998, Yawman et al. (2006) conducted a survey of US residency programs in family practice (FP), pediatrics (PED), and obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) in April, 2003 (N=940). The results showed that only 82% taught newborn circumcision and that FP residents (95%) were more likely to be taught the procedure than either PED (49%) or OB/GYN (86%) residents. These findings were not significantly different from the 1998 study. Ninety-seven percent of the programs that taught newborn circumcision also taught effective anesthetic techniques. This is a 26% increase compared with the previous study (71%). However, only 84% of the responding programs reported that a topical or local agent was always or at least frequently used. There was a statistically significant difference among residency programs, which showed that 93% of PED, 86% of FP and 76% of OB/GYN programs frequently or always used analgesia. The previous study did not gather this data so a comparative analysis could not be performed (Yawman et al. , 2006). There are several limitations to the Yawman et al. (2006) study. The survey relies on accurate reporting by respondents who may overestimate the frequency of how often effective pain management is taught. In addition, the respondents gave their personal opinion, which reflected on the practices of a whole department of which they may not be fully informed. The respondents completing the survey likely differed from the individuals who responded in the 1998 survey. Last, the study only surveyed teaching hospitals and may not reflect the practices of other community hospitals In spite of these limitations, the results showed that 16% of the residency programs do not always or at least frequently use analgesic agents during the surgical circumcision procedure. Based upon the overwhelming evidence of the safety and benefit to newborns of effective analgesia during circumcision this particular statistic of the Yawman et al (2006) study is both surprising and bothersome. This implies that although the teaching of effective analgesic techniques during circumcision has increased over the years, implementation of these practices is not yet universal. Furthermore, physicians that were trained in programs that did not teach the use of analgesics for circumcision, as was the case for the majority of programs just 15-20 years ago, are not likely to use pain management in their current practice. Therefore, the actual number of infants needlessly subjected to the surgical procedure without effective analgesia use is currently unknown. Further research, which attempts to quantify this number, is needed. The results may be alarming enough to create a standard policy in all hospitals, which states that effective pain management is required for all newborn circumcisions. References Leef, K. H. (2006). Evidence-based review of oral sucrose administration to decrease the pain response in newborn infants. Neonatal Network, 25, 275-284. Yawman, D. Howard, C. R. , Auinger, P. , Garfunkel, L. C. , Allan, M. , Weitzman, M. (2006). Pain relief for neonatal circumcision: a follow-up of residency training practices. Ambulatory Pediatrics, 6, 210-214. How to cite Pain Control During Infant Circumcision, Papers

From Fred to the Forum free essay sample

A funny thing happened on the way to Mister Rogers Neighborhood. Myfour-year-old fingers were wrapped around the remote, seeking the trolley bellsfamiliar ring, when I was drawn to the steady beat of a heart monitor. I nevermade it to the Neighborhood that day. Instead, I spent the afternoon in theoperating room of some distant hospital, mesmerized by open-heart surgery. Thesight of an exposed beating heart was a wonder to my young mind, and what startedas a childs curiosity has developed into a lifelong passion. While otherlittle girls Malibu Barbies were cruising in pink Corvettes, my Doctor Barbiewas busy performing surgery in the ER. My mother patiently endured countlessmedical examinations courtesy of my Fisher Price doctors kit. She still tellsthe story of stumbling through a bedtime reading of my first bookfair purchase,Your Heart and Blood. A second-grade book report found me dressed in a white labcoat, sharing the life story of Marie Curie. We will write a custom essay sample on From Fred to the Forum or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From lab coat to volunteercoat, I have spent four years working on the postsurgical floor of a localhospital, having impatiently waited to turn 14 for the chance to experience lifein a hospital. Spending quiet time with a lonely AIDS patient, helping an elderlyperson with breakfast and discharging a dying boy my age were all encounters withreality in the world of medicine. Yet, every Saturday morning when I arrive atthe hospital, my heart skips a beat and I know I am where I belong. Thesummer before senior year, I participated in the National Youth Leadership Forumon Medicine. For ten days, my peers and I explored all aspects of a career inmedicine. We formulated policies on ethical issues, which were presented at amock medical conference. A visit to Tufts Medical School gave me insight into thelife of a medical student, including a tour of the gross anatomy lab. This provednot only an educational experience, but also a confidence booster I was the oneto help a football player up off the floor when he fainted. He left the roomgreen, but I only wanted to see more! The ultimate experience was observingsurgery at the Lahey Clinic. As I stood in the operating room, dressed in scrubsand watching a total hip replacement, I suddenly became aware of the steady beatof the heart monitor. The four-year-old who had been looking for Fred Rogers hadfound herself at the forum.