Correct Processes of Profit Planning Product Costing in Komasatu, Ltd Free Essay Example, 2250 words

It is interesting to analyze the processes followed by Komatsu in deciding the profits. This looks more realistic and down to earth compared to aggressive and arbitrary decisions taken by the Board of directors or the management of most of the contemporary business organizations. One interesting aspect is to use the divisional profit plans as the basis of negotiations between headquarters and the divisions regarding production and sales volume. It is normally other way round in traditional organizations, as the management at the top level develop these plans initially, and impose the same on divisions sometimes even without any discussions. What is unique in Komastu is that these negotiations facilitated to emerge the sales and production plans for each division. The beauty of the process was that using the same for developing more power and equipment investment plans. It is also reported that the plans were combined to produce the preliminary divisional cost plans. Perhaps this str ategy could have emerged based on their 3G strategy of growth, globalization, and group diversification. It is a good strategy to incorporate the views of a multi-dimension business such Komatsu. We will write a custom essay sample on Correct Processes of Profit Planning Product Costing in Komasatu, Ltd or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Otherwise, each division will palm of the blame to the others and try to scapegoat their responsibility. As we can see from the status of Komatsu prior to 1989, it was only the core divisions which were generating 80% of the profit. The new strategy helps every division to think in terms of growth and take relevant strategies to achieve the same. Similarly, what is more important is the transparency aspect of the lost and profit formulation process. Another crucial aspect is the focus of all the activities towards the initial long-term objectives. While Komatsu allows every division to prepare their plans, they also have a strategy to focus all those towards the objectives through continuous negotiations and assessing the same against the long-term objectives.

Does Insecure Attachment Relate From The Behavior

Does insecure attachment relate to subsequent maladaptive behavior? Babies have a biological drive to form a connection with a primary caregiver, forming an attachment, which can take many forms. A fundamental part of healthy development is a secure attachment, characterized by love and attention from a caregiver. Attachment styles form the basis of subsequent internal working models, or mental construal of the self, others, and relationships based on one’s history of care. An infant with a history of positive experiences will form positive interpersonal relationships. On the other hand, insecurely attached children will not follow a normal course of development and exhibit negative behaviors in the social environment. These children display aggressive and inconsistent behavior. This is due to the child experiencing abusive and neglectful behavior from a caregiver, and forming a negative internal working model based on such experiences throughout development. Current research examines a link between attachment insecurity and later delin quency, particularly in the realm of sexual offense. The current literature review draws from a plethora of different sources that discuss attachment, and its implications toward future criminal behavior. Marshall, Hudson Ward (1996) described the implications of secure or insecure attachment on future relationships, intimacy, and sexual deviancy. These researchers found a connection between insecure attachment, negative internalShow MoreRelatedThe Motivation For Volunteering Is Not Always Based On Altruistic Motives1220 Words   |  5 PagesBy utilizing Bowlby’s attachment theory to break down and better understand individual involvement or lack of involvement in volunteering, and then separating their individual motives into the six categories refined and developed by (Clary ET AL. 1998) from the functional theorizing of Katz in 1960 and Smith in 1956, in Understanding and Assessing the Motivation for Volunteering. We can examine how these two support systems compliment a nd interplay in the minds of potential support providers, andRead MoreAn Attachment Theoretical Framework For Personality Disorders1532 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Review and Analysis In the article titled An Attachment Theoretical Framework for Personality Disorders explores how John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth’s attachment theory provides a coherent perception of â€Å"intrapsychic and interpersonal† (2013) aspects of personality disorders, such as antisocial personality disorder. Adverse attachment is often at the root of most antisocial personality disorders. This theoretical groundwork pairs breadth and parsimony to the conceptualization of BowlbyRead MoreResearch On Attachment Theory On The Bonds Created Between Infants And Their Caregivers1730 Words   |  7 PagesTraditional research on Attachment Theory focuses on the bonds created between infants and their caregivers within the first few years of life. When tested, these children typically display an â€Å"organized† pattern of behavior when seeking comfort and safety from their caregiver. Organized attachments are those that follow a specific pattern of behavior and are clearly de fined as secure, insecure—avoidant, or insecure—ambivalent. However, there remains a percentage of children who fail to engageRead MoreThe Theory Of Love By Robert J. Sternberg1458 Words   |  6 Pagescontext. It can be applied to early development studies of attachment theory, such as those by John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth, and carried over to our studies of romance and love through the works of Robert J. Sternberg. Many of our class lessons have focused on cause and effect: childhood cause and adulthood effect. Thus it is not strange to note, Sternberg’s research, the triangular theory of love, is impacted by Bowlby and Ainsworth’s attachment theory. As we notice within each stage and style of relationshipRead MoreThe Effects Of Personal Attachment Style On Romantic Relationship Satisfaction1718 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Personal Attachment Style on Romantic Relationship Satisfaction Our earliest relationships in life can be deeply formative in shaping our development. Created by John Bowlby, attachment theory relates the importance of attachment in regards to personal development. According to Bowlby, attachment is the leading factor in our ability to form and maintain relationships as adults (Levy 2012, pg. 157). As human beings, we need to feel as if we belong (Cherry, 2016). We find this belongingnessRead MoreThe Priming Of Attachment Style And The Effects On Romantic Relationship Satisfaction1734 Words   |  7 Pages Attachment Style and Relationship Satisfaction: The Priming of Attachment Style and the Effects on Romantic Relationship Satisfaction Milynn C. Scheer Point Loma Nazarene University â€Æ' Introduction Our earliest relationships in life can be deeply formative in shaping our development. Created by John Bowlby, attachment theory relates the importance of attachment in regards to personal development. According to Bowlby, attachment is the leading factor in our ability to form and maintain relationshipsRead MoreSome Of The Greatest Joys In A Person’S Life, As Well As1143 Words   |  5 Pagesof aloneness (Gen. 2:18-25). From the time we are born and continuing throughout adulthood, connections sustain us in life. These bonds produce joy in good times and provide comfort and support during trials and suffering. Poor bonds with others contribute to fear, mistrust, anxiety, emptiness, and a host of other personal and relational problems. Recent research into Attachment Theory confirms these ideas. As a student of psychology, I have come to appreciate Attachment Theory as I have seen its implicationsRead MoreAttachment Styles And Levels Of Depression1644 Words   |  7 Pagesre lationships between attachment styles and levels of depression were investigated. A total of 28 individuals were recruited from a psychology class at Diablo Valley College located in Pleasant Hill, California. The Attachment Questionnaire for Children (AQC) was used to measure attachment style in childhood. The Beck Depression Inventory (BAI-II) was used to measure levels of depression in young adults. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between (a) attachment styles in childhoodRead MoreThe Theory Of The Attachment Theory1742 Words   |  7 Pagesqualities of a child s development is the child s relationship with their caregiver. From determining a child s early attachment patterns, it can help further the child s behavior in later development, and the way the child will relate to others in her years to come. The acknowledgment of this simple fact has led many psychologists to create theories and findings to support this idea. Bowlby’s creation of the A ttachment Theory sparked many famous psychologists to come up with ways to support his theoryRead MoreAinsworth s Theory Of Attachment1184 Words   |  5 PagesKeller Instructor Hira Nair Psychology 0101 Ainsworth’s Theory of Attachment 11/02/2015 Introduction I chose the topic of human attachment because I think it is a beautiful thing to watch. To see an infant so instantly attached to its mother/father. It’s just an amazing thing to see and to experience. In this layout I will briefly explain the attachment theory and its origins as well as how I relate to it. Attachment is the emotional bond that forms between an infant and its caregiver

Pain Control During Infant Circumcision Free Essays

Pain Control During Infant Circumcision Circumcision is a painful surgical procedure frequently performed on newborn baby boys and often without available pain relief measures being used. The procedure, especially without pain relief, can cause short-term effects such as choking, gagging, and vomiting. Long term effects of circumcision without pain relief are not well understood, however, an increased incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and/or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) has been associated with pain and stress in the neonate (Leef, 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Pain Control During Infant Circumcision or any similar topic only for you Order Now Crying time, facial expression, and sweating palms can indicate infant pain, as can increased heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure. Although these behavioral and physiological changes are present at other times, the infant usually displays them during a circumcision that is not accompanied with effective pain relief. This paper reviews various pain relief methods and current residency training practices regarding the use of analgesia during the circumcision procedure. Available treatments are used with the three most common circumcision surgical techniques: the Morgen clamp, the Gomco clamp, and the Plastibell method. Recent research suggests that the Morgen clamp is associated with a less painful procedure when compared with the other two (Leef, 2006; Yawman et al. , 2006). Preferred by trainees, the Morgen clamp is also faster to use than the Plastibell (Yawman et al. , 2006) and include local and topical pain relief methods, oral sucrose and oral acetaminophen. Dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB), which involves injecting anesthetic at the base of the penis, and subcutaneous ring block are the two most commonly used local anesthetics. Topically applied anesthetic creams include EMLA, a water-based cream that includes lidocaine and prilocaine. Although DPNB, ring block, and EMLA do not eliminate circumcision pain, all three are more effective than placebo or no treatment (Leef, 2006; Yawman et al. , 2006). Compared head to head, DPNB is substantially more effective than EMLA cream (Leef, 2006). However, DPNB can cause minor bruising, bleeding, or swelling at the injection site and EMLA can cause skin color changes or local skin irritation (Leef, 2006). When used alone during the entire surgical procedure, oral agents, such as sucrose and acetaminophen, have not been shown to be as effective when compared with either EMLA or DPNB (Leef, 2006). However, in 1998, Herschel et al. (as cited in Leef, 2006) found that when sucrose was compared with DPNB during â€Å"the initial time intervals of circumcision (surgical preparation, lateral clamping, lysis of adhesions) and the final period (excision of the foreskin and application of a dressing)† there was no significant difference in heart rate which suggests that sucrose is as effective as DPNB during these periods (Leef, 2006, p. 77). In 1991, Blass and Hoffmeyer (as cited in Leef, 2006) found that babies cried less often when given a sucrose-dipped pacifier compared to a water-dipped pacifier or no intervention when undergoing the procedure. Given these results, one can conclude that combining oral sucrose with DPNB would provide optimum pain relief. Since 1999, the American Aca demy of Family Physicians, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the American Academy of Pediatrics have all recommended the universal use of local or topical anesthetics during neonatal circumcision (Yawman et al. 2006). In order to find out if there has been an increase in residency programs that teach effective forms of analgesia for newborn circumcision since previous data collection in 1998, Yawman et al. (2006) conducted a survey of US residency programs in family practice (FP), pediatrics (PED), and obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) in April, 2003 (N=940). The results showed that only 82% taught newborn circumcision and that FP residents (95%) were more likely to be taught the procedure than either PED (49%) or OB/GYN (86%) residents. These findings were not significantly different from the 1998 study. Ninety-seven percent of the programs that taught newborn circumcision also taught effective anesthetic techniques. This is a 26% increase compared with the previous study (71%). However, only 84% of the responding programs reported that a topical or local agent was always or at least frequently used. There was a statistically significant difference among residency programs, which showed that 93% of PED, 86% of FP and 76% of OB/GYN programs frequently or always used analgesia. The previous study did not gather this data so a comparative analysis could not be performed (Yawman et al. , 2006). There are several limitations to the Yawman et al. (2006) study. The survey relies on accurate reporting by respondents who may overestimate the frequency of how often effective pain management is taught. In addition, the respondents gave their personal opinion, which reflected on the practices of a whole department of which they may not be fully informed. The respondents completing the survey likely differed from the individuals who responded in the 1998 survey. Last, the study only surveyed teaching hospitals and may not reflect the practices of other community hospitals In spite of these limitations, the results showed that 16% of the residency programs do not always or at least frequently use analgesic agents during the surgical circumcision procedure. Based upon the overwhelming evidence of the safety and benefit to newborns of effective analgesia during circumcision this particular statistic of the Yawman et al (2006) study is both surprising and bothersome. This implies that although the teaching of effective analgesic techniques during circumcision has increased over the years, implementation of these practices is not yet universal. Furthermore, physicians that were trained in programs that did not teach the use of analgesics for circumcision, as was the case for the majority of programs just 15-20 years ago, are not likely to use pain management in their current practice. Therefore, the actual number of infants needlessly subjected to the surgical procedure without effective analgesia use is currently unknown. Further research, which attempts to quantify this number, is needed. The results may be alarming enough to create a standard policy in all hospitals, which states that effective pain management is required for all newborn circumcisions. References Leef, K. H. (2006). Evidence-based review of oral sucrose administration to decrease the pain response in newborn infants. Neonatal Network, 25, 275-284. Yawman, D. Howard, C. R. , Auinger, P. , Garfunkel, L. C. , Allan, M. , Weitzman, M. (2006). Pain relief for neonatal circumcision: a follow-up of residency training practices. Ambulatory Pediatrics, 6, 210-214. How to cite Pain Control During Infant Circumcision, Papers

From Fred to the Forum free essay sample

A funny thing happened on the way to Mister Rogers Neighborhood. Myfour-year-old fingers were wrapped around the remote, seeking the trolley bellsfamiliar ring, when I was drawn to the steady beat of a heart monitor. I nevermade it to the Neighborhood that day. Instead, I spent the afternoon in theoperating room of some distant hospital, mesmerized by open-heart surgery. Thesight of an exposed beating heart was a wonder to my young mind, and what startedas a childs curiosity has developed into a lifelong passion. While otherlittle girls Malibu Barbies were cruising in pink Corvettes, my Doctor Barbiewas busy performing surgery in the ER. My mother patiently endured countlessmedical examinations courtesy of my Fisher Price doctors kit. She still tellsthe story of stumbling through a bedtime reading of my first bookfair purchase,Your Heart and Blood. A second-grade book report found me dressed in a white labcoat, sharing the life story of Marie Curie. We will write a custom essay sample on From Fred to the Forum or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From lab coat to volunteercoat, I have spent four years working on the postsurgical floor of a localhospital, having impatiently waited to turn 14 for the chance to experience lifein a hospital. Spending quiet time with a lonely AIDS patient, helping an elderlyperson with breakfast and discharging a dying boy my age were all encounters withreality in the world of medicine. Yet, every Saturday morning when I arrive atthe hospital, my heart skips a beat and I know I am where I belong. Thesummer before senior year, I participated in the National Youth Leadership Forumon Medicine. For ten days, my peers and I explored all aspects of a career inmedicine. We formulated policies on ethical issues, which were presented at amock medical conference. A visit to Tufts Medical School gave me insight into thelife of a medical student, including a tour of the gross anatomy lab. This provednot only an educational experience, but also a confidence booster I was the oneto help a football player up off the floor when he fainted. He left the roomgreen, but I only wanted to see more! The ultimate experience was observingsurgery at the Lahey Clinic. As I stood in the operating room, dressed in scrubsand watching a total hip replacement, I suddenly became aware of the steady beatof the heart monitor. The four-year-old who had been looking for Fred Rogers hadfound herself at the forum.

Ways to Save Environment Essay Sample free essay sample

In the face of studies about ruinous oil spills and the rapid addition of planetary heating. concerns for the environment tend to overpower persons and do them experience helpless in attempts to advance pro-planet action. But everyone can hike consciousness about the environment by implementing some basic eco-friendly wonts. Make Simple Changes to Travel Green Whether it’s a one-day per hebdomad part or a lifestyle alteration. here are 10 suggestions for simple things to make to prioritise and protect the planet. Pick Up Litter. Topographic point litter in the rubbish or recycle if possible. Not merely does litter aesthetically affect natural milieus. it poses wellness jeopardies as chemicals leach into dirt and H2O beginnings. Reassess Recycling Rituals. Participate in the local recycle plan and topographic point the appropriate plastics. glass. and paper merchandises in recycle bins. Challenge childs to the undertaking of roll uping tins and bottles. so let them to merchandise their aggregation for hard currency at a recycle centre and utilize the money on a particular dainty. We will write a custom essay sample on Ways to Save Environment Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Reuse plastic and paper food market bags or do a erstwhile purchase of a lasting fabric bag. Many food market shops now offer a price reduction off the food market measure or other inducements for conveying reclaimable bags. Plant a Tree. Trees purify the air we breathe. supply places for infinite animals. aid retain dirt. and heighten the environment’s natural beauty. Sadly. 100s of 1000s of estates of trees are destroyed each twelvemonth to do paper merchandises. from newspaper to coffin nails. significantly detrimental ecosystems. No entree to land on which to works a tree? Numerous organisations are dedicated to seting trees on the donor’s behalf to assist prolong the environment. Cut Down on Energy Use Ads by GoogleFull / Part Time Masters? Dual-Award From Prestigious UK Uni. Apply For Your INTI MBA Now! NewINTI. edu. my/MBA Change the Bulbs. When visible radiation bulbs travel out. replace them with energy efficient compact fluorescent visible radiation bulbs ( CFLs ) . which use merely about one-quarter of the electricity the old bulbs used and last up to ten times longer. salvaging money in the long tally. Park the Car. Where public transit is accessible. utilize it alternatively of gassing up the auto and spiting out those awful emanations. If public transit is non an option on a day-to-day footing. commit to utilizing it one time in a piece. even one time a month. At the really least. organize errands to unite them into one trip in the auto as opposed to three or four separate trips. Turn Off Lights. Fuels used to bring forth electricity pollute the air and H2O. among other environmental impacts. To battle the electricity crisis. maintain visible radiations off and do usage of natural visible radiation when possible ; it’s better on the mind and is cost-savings as good. Turn off the visible radiations and telecasting when go forthing the house. If visible radiations are needed for security intents. put in a timer. Small Lifestyle Changes Make a Big Difference Give Up Meat. Meat-lovers should see doing the forfeit to profit the planet by abstaining from meat at least one twenty-four hours a hebdomad. Much more energy. H2O. and land are used to deduce nutrient from animate beings than from fruits and veggies. Meet protein demands by eating beans. leguminous plants. bean curd. and tempeh. which is a whole soya bean merchandise with more protein content than other traditional soy merchandises. Wrap It Up. Giving a gift? Alternatively of purchasing wrapping paper. utilize newspaper or an old brown paper food market bag turned indoors out. Decorate it with left over thread or twine. Take Shorter Showers. Even nature lovers enjoy their showers. To conserve H2O during a shower. clip it – cutting merely one minute from a shower clip can salvage up to 10 gallons of H2O per shower. Similarly. turn off the H2O while brushing dentitions. and salvage up to five gallons of H2O per two-minute tooth-brushing session. Choose Natural Cleaners. Choose options to household cleaners that are non-toxic. For case. alternatively of a rough surface cleansing agent. utilize a mix of acetum and H2O. Necessitate a spot more chaparral? Use a baking sodium carbonate and H2O combination. Baking sodium carbonate besides acts as a natural odor-eater. Eco-friendly wonts can be incorporated easy and cheaply into anyone’s modus operandi. As a fillip. planet attention frequently lends to side benefits. such as salvaging money or acquiring healthier. Regardless of the clip or energy expended. every small action acts as a ballot toward protecting the environment. Beginnings: Read more at Suite101: 10 Wayss to Protect the Environment | Suite101 hypertext transfer protocol: //suite101. com/article/10-ways-to-protect-the-environment-a261520 # ixzz2MV724Yj7 Follow us: @ suite101 on Twitter | Suite101 on Facebook

Quick Ways to Improve Your Essay Writing

Quick Ways to Improve Your Essay Writing Quick Ways to Improve Your Essay Writing Most of us face challenges in writing essays, particularly during the first draft. Essay writing is a crucial part of both high school and university curriculums, and is often the difference between a pass and a fail. Here are some effective techniques for writing consistently outstanding essays. Get Organized Before writing your essay, gather your resources and take into account the following: Plan on how you will source the information for your essay. Do you feel more comfortable at a library, or working from home? The Internet is an excellent resource, but social media and other platforms can be distracting. Limit your Internet usage to enhance your concentration and assure better quality of work. Gather the necessary materials before you begin writing. Think about how much time it will take to complete your essay. Remember to leave at least three days before the deadline to make any last-minute changes. Gather Information Your professor may offer preliminary information, but it’s valuable to seek additional information on your own to add depth to your essay. Take notes and make sure that each source is relevant and reliable. Common sources include: Online blogs Newspaper articles History books Academic articles Planning Planning is a crucial first step in improving your writing. This step is often overlooked, and can be rushed or neglected. If you’ve ever been critiqued for poor line structure or vague arguments, you need to bring better focus to your planning. Here are some tips for creating a succinct essay plan: Read your notes multiple times and highlight important or relevant points. On a sheet of paper, section your ideas in separate columns, connecting them together to form a diagram. Look at your diagram and notes, and determine your primary argument. Having a clear vision for your main argument will help you maintain focus. Re-read the notes and diagram from conclusion to introduction. What aspects of your essay validate your argument? What needs to be expanded? Include additional information and ideas from your notes. Strong analysis, bullet points, and introductions will support your argument. Contact a friend who doesn’t know about your topic. If your essay makes sense to them, it’s a good sign that you’re on the right track. Write The writing itself can be stressful for several reasons: Writing on a blank page Staring at a blank page can be daunting. The key to beginning the writing process is to write anything that comes to mind. Writer’s block If you encounter writer’s block, reread your plan and your argument. If you still can’t link your thoughts, try writing as simplistically as possible (e.g. in bullet points). Take breaks whenever you are feeling overwhelmed. Writing leads to nowhere If you feel as though you have lost the overall vision of your essay, go back to your diagram. A renewal of perspective can help you discover how your writing needs to change. Style Everyone has their own writing style, but in essay writing, it’s important to be precise. Complicating your essay with vague phrasing may result in confusion for the reader. Keep your vocabulary clear and concise. Make sure that the words you use are understandable and are presented in the correct context. If you are unsure of your completed essay, hire a proofreader to verify the overall structure of your work. in Toronto, Ontario, can help you achieve academic excellence in writing through their professional proofreading services.

Choose one Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Choose one - Term Paper Example The $ 16.6 billion deal ensured that AT&T and SBC became the largest telecom company in the nation. Although from the perspective of both the companies, this deal was most certainly revolutionary; from the perspective of the consumers, it might not have been such good news. As a matter of fact various customer advocacy groups filed petition for the cancelation of the deal as the advocacy groups believed that this deal was bad for customers and bad for business. Several customer advocacy groups such as The Utility Reform Network, Office of Ratepayer Advocates presented a market research report by an economist belonging to the California Institute of Technology. (Brown, 2009, p. 209). According to the advocacy groups the research report showed that the merger would affect various services and also customers. Such a deal would not only kill the competition in the market; but also would increase the whole sale prices by almost fifteen percent. This would lead to monopoly in the market as it would reduce market concentration and choice of the customers. A part from the telecommunication market the report also suggested that in Los Angles alone the choice of commercial buildings may go down by more than seventy percent as the newly merged company may end up controlling almost 80 percent of the buildings. A part from the rising wholesale prices the merger would also lead to a rise in the retail prices. The elimination of choices would increase the wholesale price almost by fifteen percent leading to the much higher retail prices for data and voice services used by the customers. Another major factor would be collusion not to compete. Verizon and SBC would continue to avoid competition due to the merger. This could be seen even in the cities where the businesses operate quite close to the distribution channels. One prime example could be LA. In LA the marketing channels of both Verizon and SBC over laps quite scarcely. Hence the customer groups advocated that after the merger the choices of the customers would go down, prices may go up as consumers would have very less bargaining power; add to that market concentration would also increase. The consumer groups believed that the last thing that the business and the customers need is monopoly in the market. The merger would ultimately lead to very little number of competitors (Burgemeister, 2003). From the information presented by the customer advocacy groups the impact of the merger between the two companies on the national telecommunication market can be analyzed by using the porter’s five force analysis (Churchill, 2009). The rivalry among the existing firms would be low as the merger would kill competition. This would severely impact the smaller firms. As a result the industry competition would be low. Due to the lack of competition the bargaining power of the buyers would be low as the buyers would have very little choices. As a result the company can increase the prices. The bargaining power of the suppliers would also be low. As there would be very less competition in the market, just like the customers the suppliers would also have a very little option resulting in lowered cost of raw materials. Threat of new entrants would be very low. The merger leading to monopoly may lead to a situation where, the merged company can achieve economies of scale and strong brand equity. This would most certainly acts as major barriers to entry to

Ethics Awareness Inventory Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Ethics Awareness Inventory Analysis - Essay Example It meant that I value more the propriety of things and circumstances as well as the welfare and feelings of others more than the result or getting a particular task done. It is because I believe that if we are too concern about the result, it may lead us astray and do things that are far from the ideal. It does not mean however that I do not want to get things done. I am also concerned with results but I wanted to do it the right way. My ethical perspective of being more concerned with equity and least concerned about the result is a result of the various factors that influenced my value system. This is the interplay of how my parents brought me up, how my teachers taught me, how my community helped me shape values and my personal assessment of things. My parents taught to always do the right thing regardless of the circumstances and not to do injustice to other people just to get what I want. I have been taught to be considerate to people which explains why equity mattered to me more than result. School also taught me to be ethical. We were taught about the importance and benefit of doing the right thing. In addition, the cases about Enron, Worldcom and other corporate scandals that were rooted in unethical business practices really taught me the value of doing the right thing before the results. These companies, particularly Enron were so engrossed in getting results that they ended up manipulating their financ ial statements to appear profitable when they were not. Of course not all people agree with my ethical perspective. Many people today are driven to get results whatever it takes (even if they have to resort to undesirable actions) and my choice for looking at the ethical aspect of any action, as well as the people concern may be a hassle to them. For me however, I find it more durable to be considerate and ethical because it

Is violence necessary to maintain or have a moral society Essay

Is violence necessary to maintain or have a moral society - Essay Example Discussed in this paper are the differing standpoints with regard to the role of violence in maintaining a moral society. Violence is an immoral act Throughout the years, scholars struggled to explain the concept of morality. They tackled issues such as, â€Å"good and evil†, â€Å"origin of sin† among others in attempt to understand the complexity of morality. Pacifists view violence as an immoral act that results in further degradation of the society. Individuals with this standpoint believe in amicable resolution of conflicts whereby, opposing sides set their differences aside and work towards reaching a compromise. The process of conflict resolution is lengthy and riddled with many barriers; therefore, ensuring proper communication channels exist proves crucial in mitigating the conflict. Effective communication hinges on both parties listening to each other’s grievances without passing any judgment or exuding verbal or non-verbal mockery. It also entails dev eloping sensitivity to each other’s cultural background whereby, each party must make a conscious effort to avoid using language and actions that are automatically perceived by the other party as overt disregard for their culture. For example, throwing a shoe at person in the Arab culture symbolizes the highest level of disrespect; in 2008, a journalist threw his show at the former president G.W. Bush during his visit to Iraq for conflict resolution talks. The presence of a neutral third party charged with the responsibility of mediating the conflict enable feuding parties to address their concerns in a rational manner. For example, feuding countries rely on peace delegates to mediate their amicable conflict resolution talks in order to prevent the onset of war, which is likely to result in civilian casualty and immense destruction of property. Pacifists encourage the use of non-violent methods, which entail preventing the infliction of injury or harming others. These methods negate the use of physical force or verbal threats by encouraging the use of peaceful methods to foster lasting, positive political and social change. Pacifists bear in mind the negative repercussions of resorting to violence such as counter-violence. The vengeful nature of majority of humans compels them to engage in counter-violence aimed at retaliating against instigators of preceding violent acts. This perpetuates enmity failing to address initial problems that triggered violent outbursts. Individuals using non-violent methods have greater control over their message making these methods an effective form of protest. For example, in Mahtma Ghandi led the Non Cooperation Movement in 1920s, which entailed resignation from nominated positions in the legislative government and surrendering of titles with the sole intention of protesting oppression by the government. The media provides a platform for these protestors to express their grievances. However, dealing with the media might result in complications especially when conflicts exist between a minority group and large institutions such as the government. The latter have the power to censure the media; for example, the government might pass absurd statutes that restrict the freedom of the media. Such circumstances are responsible for triggering violent outbursts, which result in degradation of

The Importance Of The Air We Breathe Environmental Sciences Essay

The Importance Of The Air We Breathe Environmental Sciences Essay Almost all life on earth depends upon clean to function and survive. However, when the air we breathe in becomes polluted, we to become polluted. Polluted with harmful toxins, germs, viruses, etc. Some may wonder, Well, what exactly is air pollution? Air pollution is the presence in the air of one or more solid, liquid, or gaseous substances in such a concentration and of such duration as to cause a nuisance or to be injurious to human life, animal life and vegetation or disrupt the functioning of the environment (Dimitriou, Christidou, 2007). This means that air pollution could be anything from car exhaust inhaled while behind an old station wagon in traffic, to a room filled with bleach fumes. These are just a few of the many ways our air can be poisoned. While this may seem like small potatoes to someone or be an issue that can wait, the numbers dont lie. The average person breathes in about 2,200 2,400 gals of air, in order to exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide with 2,200 2,70 0 gals of blood. This requires processing (at the very least) 4,400 gallons of liquid gas daily for life (Gorman, 2006). Now think about 2,200 gals of polluted air going into the human body daily! All of a sudden the issue of air pollution seems a lot more important doesnt it? In fact air pollution not only effects our current generation but also the future generations as well. Since about 1995, the number of studies linking air pollutants to prenatal problems such as LBW, SGA, preterm birth and cardiac birth defects has grown rapidly (Ritz Wilhelm, 2008). This means if the amount of air pollution isnt drastically reduced right now, we could be staring down the barrel of terminally ill children straight out of the womb. However, air pollution issues wont stop there. One of air pollutions cohorts is currently running loose on the world. This cohort goes by the name of lung disease. Over the last couple of years, cases of lung disease have sharply risen in the United States and spre ad globally. Its become so prevalent, that it has already reached #3 on the top 10 list of killers in the U.S. Lung disease causes a whopping 1 out of every 7 deaths! When that number is tallied the actual number is very sad and disappointing. Millions upon millions of people are suffering because of this disease caused by air pollution. Not only is air pollution causing lives, its also costing out cash strapped economy a lot of money. Lung disease in the United States alone, cost the economy $81.6 billion dollars in direct health care cost every year, plus tack on indirect costs of $76.2 billion dollars, and youre staring down the barrel of a total of more than $157.8 billion dollars in expenses (Gorman, 2006). The story just seems to get sadder and sadder as time progresses. However, there is still hope if society can become properly educated about air pollution. This research paper will attempt to do just that. Sources of Air Pollution Air Pollution can be caused by simple everyday things ranging from car exhaust stoves, to more complicated things such as factory emissions. One by product of these method of pollution is referred to fine particle pollution. Fine particle air pollution consists of microscopic particles of dust soot that are about 30 xs smaller than the width of a single human hair! So what can a few particles of dust do to a full grown person? Turns out these little problems can cause major life altering illnesses. According to a four-year study in AORN journal, researcher found that minute increases in fine particle air pollution resulted in significantly increased hospital visits for heart and vascular disease, heart failure, pulmonary disease, etc (2006). Now this is just an example of what one source of air pollution can do to the human body. Lets look at more. Formaldehyde is a common source of air pollution. In fact formaldehyde has been such a nuisance to the clean air cause that the EPA deemed it a human carcinogen. Despite this finding from a very trusted source, it continues to be widely used in the manufacturing of construction materials, furniture, and can also be found in paneling, cabinets, walls, textiles, floors, etc. One cant help but notice the places that the places previously listed are inside the home! This means that dangerous toxins are all around us and could be polluting our air right now. If its not bad enough to think of living with a harmful substance-think about the possibility of wearing one. Formaldehyde is also key ingredient used to produce permanent-press clothing. All of these products can off gas slowly seep) formaldehyde, therefore deteriorating indoor air quality (Royal, 1998). This segways into another type of air pollution thats often ignored-indoor air pollution. In third world countries around the world gas or electric stoves arent readily available. Therefore the majority of the population uses wood burning stoves. How does a wood stove cause indoor air pollution one may ask. Well, wood smoke is actually far more dangerous than tobacco smoke in some cases. Tobacco smoke (another source of air pollution that will be discussed next) causes damage inside the body for roughly thirty seconds after it is introduced into the body. Wood smoke on the other hand can damage cells inside the body for twenty minutes. Thats almost forty times longer than tobacco smoke! (Henkle, Mandzuk, Emergy, Schrowe, Sevilla-Martir, 2010). However, tobacco smoke is by far a more common source of air pollution and perhaps the oldest. Oldest? Yes, people were lighting up long before Phillip Morris was founded. Everyone from ancient Indians to famous explorers lit up. Modern times are no different as it seems not one day can pass with someone seeing a smoker. Perhaps smokers would reconsider their habit if they knew what they were putting into their bodies and a the air. When smoked, the tobacco and additives in a cigarette undergo complex chemical processes to form smoke that contains more than four thousand chemicals. Forty-three constituents of tobacco smoke are known carcinogens including ammonia, formaldehyde, arsenic, hydrogen cyanide, etc (Cigarette Litter -Filters. n.d.). Thats four thousand chemicals getting into your lungs and the atmosphere. So as you can see from the previous few lines, cigarette smoke is a key player in the air pollution game. However, sadly with every cause thats been listed, there must be a n equal or more devastating effect. Health Effects of Breathing Polluted Air The real cost of air pollution cannot be measured until the health cost are factored in. Too much air pollution can make anyones life a living hell. Why? Well because substantial exposure to air pollution can have drastically negative effects on an individuals overall well being. For example if a person inhaled too much car exhaust, tobacco smoke, factory smoke, etc they would be at risk for the following ailments: Major lung diseases include chronic bronchitis, sarcoidosis, emphysema interstitial lung disease, asthma, and other types of COPD. There are more than twenty eight other classified lung diseases, including, lung cancer, necrotizing and other forms of pneumonia, pleural effusions, asbestosis, pulmonary edema, pulmonary hypertension, cystic fibrosis, and rheumatoid lung disease (Gorman, 2006). With such a long list of ailments attributed to air pollution its no wonder the Institute of Medicine suggest that indoor air pollutants may lead to the development of a variety of diseases and symptoms, including allergies, asthma, central nervous system effects, infection, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, mucosal irritation, inhalation fevers,,, psychological effects, dermatitis, and some forms of cancer (Barnes, Fisher, Postma, Harnish, Butterfield, Hill, 2010). Pregnancy may constitute a period of human development particularly susceptible to toxins contained in air pollution because of high cell proliferation, organ development and the changing capabilities of fetal metabolism (Ritz Wilhelm, 2008) For example, reports by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) estimated the contribution of environmental pollutants to the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and costs of four pediatric diseases in American children. Most increases in admissions occurred on the same day as the change in air pollution level, suggesting that there was a short time period between the change in air pollution and the physiological response of the participants (2006) The presence in the atmosphere of solid, gaseous or liquid substances emitted by natural sources or as a result of human activities (for example the use of solvents, paints, varnishes and fossil fuels) damages human health, animal life and vegetation, as well as the balance of the ecosystem. Climate change and acid rain are among the consequences of air pollution (Dimitriou, Christidou, 2007) Acid rain is a broad term; it refers to a complex chemical and atmospheric phenomenon that occurs when emissions of nitrogen or sulphur dioxides react in the atmosphere with water and oxygen, forming a mild solution of sulphuric and nitric acids that are then deposited as rain. The ecological effects are most clearly seen in aquatic environments, such as streams, lakes and marshes. These and the surrounding soil become acidic and as a result aluminum is released from the soil into the water. Aluminum is highly toxic to many species of the aquatic organisms leading to the loss of biodiversity (Dimitriou, Christidou, 2007). Preventive Measures that Can Reduce Exposure to Air Pollution Prevention Quit smoking; do not frequent places where there is a lot of second hand smoke, Check the quality of air in your community. Contact the local EPA for more information. Test for radon gas in your home. Use indoor air filters in rooms where you spend the most time. Reduce the amount of energy you consume to reduce fossil fuel consumption. Do not exercise in areas of high pollution. If you work in a high-risk job, take precautions to protect your lungs. Use-masks or filters, and take frequent breaks to get a few deep breaths of cleaner air (Gorman, 2006). Studies have calculate that if air pollution was limited the stats for certain diseases would drop 100% for lead poisoning, 30% for asthma, 5% for cancer, and 10% for neuro behavioral disorders. Total costs to society (direct medical costs and indirect societal costs, such as lost work days) w e re estimated to range from 48.8 billion to 64.8 billion dollars (Barnes, Fisher, Postma, Harnish, Butterfield, Hill, 2010)

Caffeine :: essays research papers

Caffeine As can be seen above, caffeine consists of two carbon/nitrogen rings with oxygen and methyl groups as substituents. The fused rings are similar to those in adenine only the substituents differ. Caffeine is found in coffee, tea, and many soft drinks. There is also some amount of caffeine in chocolate, as well as a closely related stimulant, theobromine. The caffeine in sodas is generally produced from the cola berries, and is either a by-product of the cola flavoring or is added for flavor and stimulant effect. There are four ways in which caffeine stimulates the nervous system. Of these, one is of primary improtance. Another has some level of importance, and the other two only occur at unrealistically high levels of caffeine in the body. The first of these methods, and the most important, is blocking adenosine receptors. As caffeine has a similar structure to the adenosine group, but also has more heavily electrophilic and nucleophilic functional groups than adenosine as, for instanc e, seen in cyclic AMP. This means that caffeine will fit adenosine receptors as well as adenosine itself will. Thus, cyclic AMP remains active, rather than being broken down. Second among the effects of caffeine is phosphodiesterase inhibition. The phosphodiesterase class of enzymes includes a number of enzymes responsible for breaking down cyclic AMP, thus depriving the body of an energy supply. Caffeine fools phosphodiesterase into attacking it instead, which inhibits the breakdown of cyclic AMP. However, the concentration of caffeine required for this effect to become significant is sufficiently high that the adenosine blocking remains the dominant factor. The other two laboratory effects of caffeine have been judged insignificant in actual biochemical situations. Caffeine can increase the speed of rapid information processing by 10% 1, and a cup of regular (caffeine-containing) coffee after lunch helps to counteract the normal ‘post-lunch dip’ in ability to sustain concentration, aiding alertness 2. Research has also shown that a couple of cups of coffee help to improve alertness and concentration during night shift hours 3.